Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Early Blight in Tomato

Silver nanoparticles have gained considerable interest in recent decades due to their antimicrobial activity and are used water disinfection, wound healing, food packaging, plant protection. This study tested the potential of silver synthesized using neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract against Alternaria solani causes early blight disease tomato plants. The pathogen was isolated from infected plants identified morphological molecular features. results showed significant variation among isolates. Isolates, Shk-1 Ksr-1 were highly pathogenic, causing up 80% incidence. each isolate determined different concentrations nanoparticles. During vitro vivo experiments, growth inhibition rate 70–100% at 50 ppm. Lower (5 10 ppm) increased phenolics, PO, PPO, PAL production by more than 50% as compared untreated control. These defensive mechanisms clearly demonstrate fungicidal AgNPs recommend utilization crop protection programs.